Earthquakes

E A R T H Q U A K E S
Nature's threat from earth surface

Earthquake is one of the most destructive/deadliest natural event

Earthquakes shocks that happened before 1900
[uncertain data and many missed events]

YEAR	Site	Died Persons
521	Antioch [Syria]	4,870
526	Antioch [Syria]	250,000
856	Corinth [Greece]	45,000
856	Damghan [Iran]	200,000
893	Ardabil [Iran]	150,000
1138	Aleppo[Syria]	230,000
1268	Cilicia [Asia Minor]	60,000
1290	Chihli[China]	100,000
1293	Kamamura[Japan]	30,000
1531	Losbon[Portugal	30,000
1556	Shensi[China]	830,000
1667	Shemakha[Caucasia]	80,000
1693	Sicily[many town]	60,000
1703	Tokyo[Japan]	200,000
1727	Tabriz[Iran]	77,000
1755	Lisbon[Portugal]	70,000
1783	SouthernItaly	80,000
1797	Cuzco[Peru]	40,000
1828	Honshu[Japan]	e 30,000
1868	Peru+ Equador	e 25,000
1875	Venzuela+Columbia	e 16,000
1883	Java	36,000
1896	Equador+ Peru	e 70,000

e = estimated. For a total of ~ 2,713,900 deaths
Reference: The World Almanac, WABooks, A-KIII Comm. Co.
http://.neic.cr.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/eqstats.html

Most Relevant Earthquakes after 1900

YEAR	SITE	DEATHS
1902	Guatemala	2,000
1905	Kangra [India]	19,000
1906	Santiago [Chile]	20,000
1907	Kingston [Jamaica]	1,600
1907	Central Asia	12,000
1908	Southern Italy	85,000
1909	Iran	5,500
1915	Central Italy	29,980
1917	Bali [Indonesia]	15,000
1918	Guangdong [China]	10,000
1920	Gansu [China]	200,000
1923	Kwaanto [Japan]	143,000
1925	Yunnan [China]	5,000
1927	Xining [China]	200,000
1929	Iran	3,300
1932	Gansu [China]	70,000
1933	China	10,000
1934	India-Nepal	10,700
1935	Quetta [Pakistan]	50,000
1939	Chillan [Chile]	28,000
1939	Erzincan [Turkey]	30,000
1944	SanJuan [Argentina]	5,000
1945	Iran	4,000
1946	Tonankai [Japan]	1,330
1948	Fukui [Japan]	5,390
1948	Ashgabat [USSR]	110,000
1949	Ecuador	6,000
1950	Assam [India]	1,500
1953	Iran	1,100
1953	Turkey	1,200
1954	Algeria	1,600
1956	Afghanistan	2,000
1957	Iran	3,500
1960	Agadir [Morocco]	15,000
1960	Chile	5,700
1962	Qazvin [Iran]	12,230
1963	Skopje [Jugoslavia]	3,350
1966	Turkey	2,520
1968	Iran	18,000
1969	China	3,000
1970	Turkey	1,089
1970	Yunnan[China]	10,000
1970	Peru	66,000
1972	Iran	5,054
1972	Managua [Nicaragua]	5,000
1974	China	20,000
1974	Pakistan	5,300
1975	China	10,000
1976	Guatemala	23,000
1976	Tangshan [China]	655,000
1976	Mindanao [Philippines]	8,000
1978	Iran	15,000
1980	ElAsnam [Algeria]	3,500
1980	Southern Italy	3,000
1981	Southern Iran	3,000
1981	Southern Iran	1,500
1982	Arabian Peninsula	2,800
1983	Turkey	1,342
1985	Michoacan [Mexico]	9,500
1987	Ecuador	4,000
1988	Nepal/India border	1,000
1988	China/Burma border	1,000
1988	Turkey/USSR	55,000
1990	Iran	50,000
1991	Northern India	2,000
1992	Floresreg. [Indonesia]	2,500
1993	Southern India	9,748
1995	Honshu [Japan]	5,502
1995	Sakhalin Island	1,989
1997	Northern Iran	1,560
1998	Afghanistan/Tajikistan	2,323
1998	''' ''	4,000
1998	Papua [New Guinea]	2,183
1999	Colombia	1,185
1999	Turkey	15,657
1999	Taiwan	12,101

Earthquakes [ ~ 110 ] with 1,000 or more deaths from 1900
for a TOTAL of about 2,216,528 deaths,
equivalent to about 19,964 deaths/eartquake
~ 22,389 deaths/year
~ 61 deaths/day.
TOTAL DEATHS caused by Earthquakes = more than ~ 4,930,500 by NCCNature!

Relationship between the Magnitude of Earthquakes
and annual frequency:

*Descriptor*	*Magnitude*	*Av. # / year*
Great	8 or higher	1
Major	7 - 7.9	18
Strong	6 - 6.9	120
Moderate	5 - 5.9	800 = ~ 2,2 /day
Light	4 - 4.9	6,200 estimated [~17/day]
Minor	3 - 3.9	49,000 estimated [ ~134/day]
VeryMinor	2 - 3	~ 350,000 [~ 1,000/day]
'' ''	1 - 2	~ 3,000,000 [~ 8,000/day]

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Recent Data from: http://wwwneic.cr.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/eqstats.html
http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/sites/sites.html
http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/pANDs/neic_maps.html